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The term "Epiphany" comes from the Greek word "epiphaneia," meaning "manifestation" or "appearance." It signifies the revelation of Jesus Christ as the Son of God to the world.
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In Western Christianity, Epiphany commemorates the visit of the Magi—often referred to as the Three Wise Men or Kings—to the infant Jesus. This event symbolizes Jesus' physical manifestation to the Gentiles.
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Eastern Orthodox Christians celebrate Epiphany, also known as Theophany, primarily as the commemoration of Jesus' baptism in the Jordan River by John the Baptist. This event is seen as the manifestation of Jesus as the Son of God.
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Epiphany is traditionally celebrated on January 6th. However, some Western churches observe it on the Sunday following January 1st. Eastern Orthodox churches that follow the Julian calendar celebrate Epiphany on January 19th, which corresponds to January 6th in the Gregorian calendar.
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Epiphany customs vary worldwide. In Spain and Latin American countries, it's known as "Día de los Reyes" (Three Kings' Day), marked by parades and gift-giving. In Italy, "La Befana," a friendly witch, is said to deliver gifts to children.
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The period following Epiphany is called Epiphanytide, a liturgical season that extends until the beginning of Lent in some Christian traditions. This time focuses on the early life and ministry of Jesus.
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Epiphany includes the tradition of blessing homes. This often involves marking the year and the initials "C+M+B" above doorways, representing the traditional names of the Magi—Caspar, Melchior, and Balthasar—or the Latin phrase "Christus Mansionem Benedicat," meaning "May Christ bless this house."
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In Eastern Orthodox and some Catholic traditions, water is blessed during Epiphany services. This "Epiphany water" is considered holy and is used for blessings and purification rites.
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Epiphany is one of the oldest Christian feasts, with references dating back to the 4th century. It holds significant liturgical importance, often involving special hymns, prayers, and processions.
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Epiphany is associated with light, symbolizing the revelation of Christ as the light of the world. This is often represented through the Star of Bethlehem, which guided the Magi to Jesus.
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