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The selection process is guided by Nobel's will, which specified categories like Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, and Peace. Later, an Economics Prize was added in his memory.
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In September each year, the Nobel Committees invite thousands of eligible nominators, including academics, previous laureates, and institutions, to propose candidates for the prizes.
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Nominations must be submitted by January 31 of the award year. The names of nominees and nominators are kept confidential for 50 years to maintain the integrity of the process.
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The committees review all nominations and shortlist approximately 300 candidates based on their contributions. This stage involves intense research and expert consultation.
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Between March and May, independent subject-matter experts review the work of shortlisted candidates and provide recommendations to the Nobel Committees.
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During the summer months, the Nobel Committees compile detailed reports based on expert evaluations. These reports are presented to the award-granting institutions.
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In October, the awarding institutions vote on the laureates. The decision is based on a majority vote and cannot be appealed. Each prize can have up to three recipients.
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Different bodies award the prizes: - Physics and Chemistry: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences - Medicine: Karolinska Institute - Literature: Swedish Academy - Peace: Norwegian Nobel Committee
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Laureates are announced in October and celebrated worldwide. This moment marks the culmination of months of careful deliberation and expert review.
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On December 10, Nobel Day, laureates receive their medals, diplomas, and prize money in ceremonies held in Stockholm and Oslo, depending on the prize category.
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